World’s Smallest Standalone 3G Modem Aims to Make Large Impact on the Internet of Things

At the heart of the Internet of Things lies the convergence of computing and connectivity, where even the tiniest of everyday devices—or “things”—can have massive computing capability and intelligence though its connection to the cloud. Today, we commercially launched the XMM™ 6255 modem to provide a wireless solution for the billions of “smart” and connected devices that are expected in the coming years. At about 300 mm²in size, it is the world’s smallest standalone 3G modem, making it perfect for networked sensors and other IoT applications such as wearables, security devices and industrial equipment.
XMM™ 6255 features the SMARTI™ UE2p transceiver, which is based on our unique new Intel^® Power Transceiver technology, the industry’s first design to combine transmit & receive functionality with a fully integrated power amplifier and power management, all on a single chip. This design approach reduces XMM™ 6255’s component requirements, resulting in a smaller modem that helps manufacturers minimize their build of material costs. It also protects the radio from overheating, voltage peaks and damage under tough usage conditions, which is important for safety monitors and other critical IoT devices.
Additionally, the XMM™ 6255 modem features a unique radio architecture that enables it to perform exceptionally well in challenging real-world situations, including:

• Low signal network coverage: The XMM™ 6255 modem provides reliable communication when it comes to transmitting information in low signal zones like a parking garage or a home basement.
• Small-sized devices: Devices with a small form factor like a smartwatch or a sensor may not have enough space for a normal-sized 3G antenna, which can affect connectivity quality and reliability. The XMM™ 6255 modem is specially designed for such devices and delivers great 3G connectivity even with small volume antennas not meeting conventional mobile phone quality standards.

The integration of the power amplifier and transceiver you see in this modem also simplifies the design and minimizes device development costs, which means developers can launch more products, more quickly, and in a more cost-effective manner.

XMM™ 6255 is currently available in the u-blox SARA-U2 module  and we expect to have updates on additional partnerships in the coming months.
We are excited about the potential of the XMM 6255 modem. We are equally committed to the entire Internet of Things ecosystem from setting up IoT standards with other tech companies through the Open Interconnect Consortium to our Intel Galileo IoT Developer Kit.

Which carrier offers the fastest mobile data and coverage: 4G / 3G speed comparison

4G LTE has brought blazingly fast Internet to our mobile devices, with speeds often even higher than what home Internet connections offer. However, not all carriers are equal in their offerings, and speeds can vary hugely on different carriers. Nowadays, most major US metropolitan areas are well covered, but speeds still differ hugely and while a carrier might deliver extremely high speeds in one area, in a different area it might deliver a much slower connection.

To see what is the current reality of US carriers’ cellular data speeds, we are comparing America’s top 4 carriers: Verizon Wireless, AT&T, Sprint and T-Mobile. For this comparison we are looking separately at 4G and 3G speeds, as well as at latency. We have used data from the 20 largest metropolitan areas in the United States to come up with nation-wide averages (but you can also see the results per area). For the actual speeds, we are using publicly available data from OpenSignal's excellent maps. OpenSignal takes its data from over 1 million consumer devices, which is a great sample size. Here are the 20 metros we used for this comparison:

• We compare the data speeds offered by the four largest US carriers: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and T-Mobile

  New York
• Los Angeles
• Chicago
• Washington DC
• San Francisco
• Boston
• Philadelphia
• Dallas
• Miami
• Houston
• Atlanta
• Detroit
• Seattle
• Phoenix
• Minneapolis
• Cleveland
• Denver
• San Diego
• Portland
• Orlando

4G speed comparison

First, let’s start off with 4G connectivity speeds. Surprisingly for some, T-Mobile has the lead with the absolutely fastest download speeds (averaging 8.1Mbps) across the 20 biggest US metros. AT&T is a close runner-up, scoring an average downlink speed of 7.64Mbps. Verizon gets the distant third spot with speeds averaging 5.59Mbps, while Sprint scores (now, traditionally) the lowest speeds of 4.62Mbps. Those are the nation averages, but we would recommend you look at not just the nation averages, but also at your particular area to see which carrier has the fastest speeds there.

We have used download speeds as the most common denominator, but if you look at upload speeds, the situation is radically different: Verizon, AT&T and Sprint all hover around the 6Mbps mark, while T-Mobile is much slower, averaging just below 3Mbps. This means that if uploading content on the go in the fastest possible manner is a priority to you, T-Mobile is probably not the best choice.

4G speed comparison

 

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3G speed comparison

Turning to 3G speeds, we have a situation similar to the one in the 4G rankings: T-Mobile has a huge lead in download speeds, followed by AT&T, while Verizon and Sprint are distant runner-ups. Unlike 4G, though, upload speeds on 3G are very similar among all major carriers, averaging just above 1.3Mbps (only Sprint is slower at around 1mbps).

3G speed comparison

 

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Average US latency speeds

Finally, we also have latency data. Latency measures the time it takes a network to transfer a packet from the source to the receiver. Simply put, the lower the latency, the better your Internet experience. Latency matters in all sorts of scenarios (you’d notice how fast a page loads in your browser), but it’s crucial in situations like video conferencing and gaming. Take a look at the US nation-wide data below, to see the carriers offering the fastest latencies.

Average US latency speeds

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Coverage

Finally, we ought to say that we've looked at speeds and latency only, but we have not compared the actual coverage of the four biggest US carriers. 4G (and 4G LTE in particular) is one area where Verizon Wireless has the clear lead, as it covers over 500 markets, and that number includes a lot of the smaller towns where other areas don't have any outreach. Verizon's LTE network reaches over 305 million people at the moment, the most of any carrier.

AT&T was the second company to start its massive 4G LTE roll-out, and it's also the second in terms of coverage. AT&T's network covers over 270 million people, and the carrier plans to extend its coverage to nearly 300 million people by the end of the year. 

Sprint started building its 4G LTE network later than the big two, but it's stepped up coverage lately, and is on its way to reach its target of 250 million people covered by mid-2014. We should, however, note that it would take longer, though, for all these markets and people to get the Sprint Spark network upgrade, which brings faster speeds (Spark delivers 4G LTE over the 700MHz channel).

Finally, T-Mobile, another relative newcomer to the 4G LTE game, is extremely aggressive in building a fast and reliable LTE network, and the results are already apparent in terms of speed. The 'Un-carrier' has recently unveiled plans to convert its EDGE stations to 4G LTE, and while we don't have any hard numbers for T-Mobile, we know that the nation's fourth-largest operator plans to cover over 230 million people by mid-2014, 250 million people by the end of the year, and more than 301 million by mid-2015.

Coverage maps for different carriers come from Verizon's official webpage

Finally, we should say that you should carefully look at all these numbers before making a definite choice - choosing the right carrier is about picking not just the fastest, but the one with adequate coverage in your area. With this, we pass the ball to you: what’s your experience with your carrier? Are you happy with the 3G/4G speeds and coverage you’re getting? Let us know in the comments below.

compare Sprint's 3G and 4G networks.

Mobile workers who need always-on Internet access -- and who don't want to rely on public Wi-Fi hot spots -- often turn to a cellular network for connectivity, using either a 3G-equipped notebook or an external 3G modem. Now carriers are touting faster fourth-generation wireless networks as the next phase of mobile computing. But to make use of the new networks, you have to buy a 4G-capable device or modem and a new, often more-expensive service plan.

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Is it worth the hassle and expense of upgrading to 4G? To answer that question, I pitted Sprint's WiMax service -- the first 4G service available in the New York metropolitan area, where I live -- against its 3G network in a series of real-world tests (see "How I tested").

Sprint 4G: What you need

As is the case with any wireless service, you need three things to get access: a network, a device for connecting and a service plan. Available in 62 cities, from Everett, Wash., to Tampa, Fla., Sprint's WiMax wireless service in the U.S. is known as Clear and is operated by Clearwire; it's based on the IEEE 802.16e specification. The network provides adequate coverage on the coasts (see map), but it's hit or miss in the middle of the country, and there are 12 states with no Sprint 4G service at all.
When you can't get a 4G connection, the fallback is to use Sprint's 3G network, which is based on EV-DO (Evolution Data Optimized) technology. It's available in all 50 states, although -- as is the case with other 3G networks -- there are huge holes in the upper Midwest. Sprint says that over the next two years, it will fill out a national 4G network.
In contrast, T-Mobile currently offers an upgraded High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) 3G network. AT&T is also busy rolling out HSPA+ and is testing LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology for a planned commercial 4G rollout over the next two years.
Meanwhile, Verizon has just launched its own LTE network on a trial basis with limited coverage in 38 cities and 60 airports. The company says the network will be complete nationwide in 2013. Although it's not available in my suburb, Verizon LTE has been rolled out to some parts of the New York metro area, and I hope to test it in multiple locations soon.

 

Sierra Wireless 250U USB modem

The second part of the 4G puzzle is the connection device. The Sierra Wireless AirCard 250U modem that I used for testing weighs just 1.9 oz., connects to a laptop via a USB port, and can be folded up to less than an inch thick when not in use. The disk-shaped receiver, which measures about 2 in. across, can rotate and swivel up and down to get better reception. The device has a list price of $250, but it's free with a two-year Sprint contract.
The 250U works with systems running Windows 7, Vista or XP, or Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6. Setting up the 250U on my Lenovo ThinkPad W510 with Windows 7 took about 10 minutes; it connected to the network on the first try.

What is the difference between 2G, 3G, 4G, mobile networks?

G in 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services in the country. A higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network.

Understanding the mobile networks:
As the name would suggest, 1G was the first generation of mobile networks. Here basically, radio signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form and expectedly, one was not able to do much other than sending text messaging and making calls. But the biggest disadvantage, however came in the form of limited network availability, as in the network was available only within the country.

2G networks on the other hand, were based on narrow band digital networks. Signals were transmitted in the digital format and this dramatically improved the quality of calls and also reduced the complexity of data transmission. The other advantage of the 2G network came in the form of Semi Global Roaming System, which enabled the connectivity all over the world.

Between 2G and 3G there was a short phase in between where mobile phones became sleeker and more ‘pocketable’ if we can call it that.  This is popularly referred to as 2.5G where the quantity of radio waves to be transmitted was much lower. This in turn had an effect on the shape and structure of mobile phones. But most of all, 2.5G helped in the ushering of GPRS (General Pocket Radio Service).

The 3rd generation of mobile networks has become popular largely thanks to the ability of users to access the Internet over devices like mobiles and tablets. The speed of data transmission on a 3G network ranges between 384KBPS to 2MBPS. This means a 3G network actually allows for more data transmission and therefore the network enables voice and video calling, file transmission, internet surfing, online TV, view high definition videos, play games and much more.  3G is the best option for users who need to always stay connected to Internet.

4th Generation mobile networks are believed to provide many value added features. In addition to all the 3G facilities, data transmission is believed to go through the roof with speeds ranging between 100MBPs to 1GBPS. Phew! Happy talking, surfing, conferencing, chatting, networking, partying, or whatever you want to do on your mobile phone.

Difference between 2G and 3G Technology

Second Generation (2G) technology was launched in the year 1991 in Finland. It is based on the technology known as global system for mobile communication or in short we can say GSM. This technology enabled various networks to provide services like text messages, picture messages and MMS. In this technology all text messages are digitally encrypted due to which only the intended receiver receives message. These digital signals consume less battery power, so it helps in saving the battery of mobiles.

 

The technologies used in 2G are either TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which divides signal into different time slots or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) which allocates a special code to each user so as to communicate over a multiplex physical channel.

 

3G technology generally refers to the standard of accessibility and speed of mobile devices. It was first used in Japan in the year 2001. The standards of the technology were set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This technology enables use of various services like GPS (Global Positioning System), mobile television and video conferencing. It not only enables them to be used worldwide, but also provides with better bandwidth and increased speed.

 

This technology is much more flexible as it can support 5 major radio technologies that operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. CDMA accounts for IMT-DS (direct speed), IMT-MC (multi carrier). TDMA holds for IMT-TC (time code), IMT-SC (single carrier). This technology is also comfortable to work with 2G technologies. The main aim of this technology is to allow much better coverage and growth with minimum investment.

 

Figure: Evolution of Mobile system from 2G to 3G

 

 

Difference between 2G and 3G Technology

·         Cost: The license fee to be paid for 3G network is much higher as compared to 2G networks. The network construction and maintenance of 3G is much costlier than 2G networks. Also from the customers point of view the expenditure for 3G network will be excessively high if they make use of the various applications of 3G. 

 

·         Data Transmission:  The main difference between 2G and 3G networks is seen by the mobile users who download data and browse the Internet on the mobile phones. They find much faster download speeds, faster access to the data and applications in 3G networks as compared to 2G networks. 2G networks are less compatible with the functions of smart phone. The speed of data transmission in 2G network is less than 50,000 bits per sec while in 3G it can be more than 4 million bits per sec.

 

·         Function: The main function of 2G technology is the transmission of information via voice signals while that of 3G technologies is data transfer via video conferencing, MMS etc.

 

·         Features: The features like mobile TV, video transfers and GPS systems are the additional features of 3G technology that are not available with 2G technologies.

 

·         Frequencies: 2G technology uses a broad range of frequencies in both upper and lower bands, under which the transmission depends on conditions such as weather. A drawback of 3G is that it is simply not available in certain regions.

 

·         Implication: 3G technology offers a high level of security as compared to 2G technology because 3G networks permit validation measures when communicating with other devices. 

 

·         Making Calls: Calls can be made easily on both 2G and 3G networks with no real noticeable differences except that in 3G network video calls can also be made. The transmission of text messages and photos is available in both the networks but 2G networks have data limit and the speed of the data transmission is also very slow as compared to 3G.

 

·         Speed:  The downloading and uploading speeds available in 2G technologies are up to 236 Kbps. While in 3G technology the downloading and uploading speeds are up to 21 Mbps and 5.7 Mbps respectively

3G Technology Features, Advantages and Drawbacks

Third-generation wireless technology is the advanced wireless technology. This technology enhances the features that were available in second generation and adds further advanced features. This technology is widely used in mobile phones and data cards.

Evolution of 3G:

Evolution of 3G describes updating cellular telecommunications network around the world to use 3G technologies. Japan was the first country to commercially launch 3G in 2001. The transition to 3G was completed during 2005/2006 in Japan. In 2005, there were 23 networks world wide, operating 3G technology. Some are only for test use and some operators are providing services to consumers.

The main reason for the evolution of 3G was due to the limited capacity of the 2G networks.

2G networks were built for voice calls and slow data transmission. But these services were unable to satisfy the requirements of present wireless revolution.

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined the demand for 3G in the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT)-2000 standards to facilitate growth, increase bandwidth, support diverse applications.

The development like 2.5G or GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and 2.75G or EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) technologies resulted in the transition to 3G. These technologies act like bridge between 2G and 3G.

Features of 3G:

The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) has proposed 3G telecommunications standards to provide cost efficient high quality, wireless multimedia applications and enhanced wireless communications.

The features of 3G can be divided into two categories. One is data rates and the other is security.

• The main feature of 3G technology is that it supports greater voice and data capacity and high data transmission at low-cost. 3G mobiles can operate on 2G and 3G technologies.
• The second major feature is the security: 3G offers greater security features than 2G like Network Access Security, Network Domain Security, User Domain Security, Application Security.
• This technology provides localized services for accessing traffic and weather updates. Video calls and video conference is another major feature in 3G mobile technology. These features reduces the communication barriers between people, that were not sacked even with mobile phones.

Date transfer rates are high and can support even live TV channels over phone. Online media is another exciting feature in 3G mobiles. 3G mobiles highly attract the music lovers as they can listen to music and watch videos online and can download huge files with in less time.

Few 3G mobiles support MS-office and RSS feeds.

Advantages of 3G:

All the functions performed in a normal 2G mobile device can be performed in 3G at a higher speed.

3G provides faster connectivity, faster internet access and music with improved quality.

Few applications of 3G are:

• The 3G mobile can be used as a modem for a computer which can access internet and can download games and songs at high speed.
• 3G technology provides high quality voice calls and video calls.
• View live TV broadcasting in mobile. Get weather updates and news headlines in mobiles.
• 3G increases bit rate which helps the service providers to provide high speed internet facility and many applications to its customers.
• 3G devices can provide data transmission speed upto 2Mbits/s when used in stationary mode
• Provides multimedia services such as sharing of digital photos and movies.
• This technology provides real time multi player gaming and location-based services.
• 3G allows users to be online all the time.
• 3G also includes mobile office services, like virtual banking and online selling.
• Teleconferencing at work is one of the best applications.

Drawbacks:

Though there are many advantages with 3G technology, there are few drawbacks like

• Upgrading the base station and cellular infrastructure to 3G incurs very high costs.
• Service provider has to pay high amount for 3G licensing and agreements.
• Problem with the availability of handsets in few regions and their costs.
• High power consumption

3G technology provides high data rates and improved call quality, video calling facility and much more. This technology provides huge benefits to mobile users. The major drawbacks are from the regions where 3G is in initial stages of launch. These drawbacks can be minimized when 3G services are used extensively.

Japan telecommunications industry (65th edition)

Japan telecommunications industry, market research report.

pdf-file, 65th edition, of May 7, 2014
approx. 269 pages, 90 Figures, 49 Photographs, 30 tables, 5.5 Mbyte
Lead author: Gerhard Fasol, works since 1984 with Japan’s telecommunications industry.

Japan telecommunications industry – Buy and download market research report:

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Japan telecommunications industry report – Summary:

Masayoshi Son’s and SoftBanks’ acquisition of Sprint and potential acquisition of T-Mobile of USA or other operators, have drawn global attention on SoftBank and on Japan’s telecommunications sector – for many years our JCOMM-Report has been the most trusted and most convenient way to understand Japan’s telecom sector.
Japan’s telecommunications industry size is on the order of US$ 200 billion for the operators alone, and annually about US$ 20 billion are invested in networks. Japan’s has one of the world’s most advanced cellular networks.
This report gives a thorough overview of Japan’s telecom market landscape, with a wealth of statistical and financial data in visualized graphical form with analysis and trends.

Table of Contents: Japan telecommunications industry

• Executive Summary, List of contents
• Version overview, revisions
• Key trends
• Major recent M&A transactions
• e-Japan and u-Japan and national policy
  • e-Japan and the IT strategy headquarters
  • e-Japan (Prime Minister’s Office)
  • Japan’s national policies
  • i-Japan 2015, digital infrastructure
  • iPhone as a turning point
• Japan- the mobile time machine (pre-iPhone)
  • How did Japan’s telecom industry become one of the world’s most competitive?
• Globalization vs Japan’s “Galapagos effect”
  • Reasons for Japan’s “Galapagos effect”
  • The “post Galapagos working group”
  • Results of the “post Galapagos working group”
  • Five recommendations to telecom operators
  • Seven recommendations to electronics manufacturers
  • Vision for restructuring Japan’s electronics manufacturers
  • recommendations to the content sector
  • More information about Japan’s Galapagos effect:
    • The Galapagos Effect, Journal of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ)
    • Japan’s Galapagos effect
• Evolution of Japan’s telecom landscape
• Strategic group maps of Japan’s mobile and fixnet telecom industry and major M&A transaction graphics
  • pre-liberalization, NTT + KDD monopoly
  • Japan’s telecom landscape 2004
  • Japan’s telecom landscape 2008
  • Japan’s telecom landscape 2013
• The three main players
  • overview FY2011
  • overview FY2012
  • NTT Group
  • KDDI, AU, UQ Communications (read also our report on KDDI)
  • SoftBank, Yahoo KK, Willcom, eAccess, eMobile, Wireless City Planning, (read also our Report on SoftBank and our Report on eAccess/eMobile)
  • cable companies
• Financial data, overview and analysis for Japan’s major mobile telecom operators
  • annual revenues
  • operating income
  • net income
  • capital investments
  • quarterly results: revenues, operating income, net income
  • operating margins
  • net margins
• NTT Group
  • group structure
  • revenue structure
  • overview of group companies: NTT Data, NTT Docomo, NTT East, NTT West, NTT Communications, …
  • NTT Docomo
  • for more details read our report on NTT-Docomo
• KDDI, AU, UQ Communications, Okinawa Cellular
  • group structure
  • revenue structure, income (profit/loss) structure by group sectors
  • historical overview, M&A history
  • history of major services, evolution
  • KDDI Designing studio
  • UQ Communications
  • for more details read our Report on KDDI
• SoftBank
  • Masayoshi Son
  • group structure
  • business model
  • SoftBank Telecom history and development
  • SoftBank Mobile history and development
  • SoftBank Mobile subscription history, group structure and development and growth
  • Japan Telecom and J-Phone
  • Acquisition of Vodafone-Japan by SoftBank, M&A transaction details and graphics
  • transition from Vodafone Japan to SoftBank
  • eAccess, eMobile
    • Dr Sachio Semmoto
    • group history and development
    • company structure and financial structure
    • eMobile foundation and background
    • KDDI and SoftBank battle and acquisition
    • for more details read our report on eAccess
  • Willcom
    • PHS: outline and history and development
    • PHS: antennas, base stations
    • PHS, Willcom, and Wireless City Planning, M&A transaction structure
    • market share data and evolution
    • Wireless City Planning: outline, creation and history, diagram, market shares
  • for more details read our report on SoftBank
• Wireless markets, mobile communications
  • spectrum allocation and mobile base stations
    • radio spectrum allocation for mobile communications
    • radio spectrum allocation and number of base stations over frequency and for different operators
    • radio spectrum allocation and number of base stations for 800MHz “Platinum band”
    • radio spectrum allocation and number of base stations for 1.4-2.7GHz band
    • radio spectrum allocation and number of base stations for 2.5-2.7GHz band
    • total band width allocation for each operator
    • mobile phone base station deployment
    • how many base stations are deployed in Japan?
    • how many 3G/LTE base stations are deployed in Japan?
    • how many LTE base stations are deployed in Japan?
    • comparing number of 3G base stations in UK and in Japan
    • total number of base stations for Japan’s major mobile operators over time
    • how big is the market for base stations? how much does the base station market grow per year?
    • how many base stations does each operator install per year?
    • how many repeaters and boosters are installed in Japan for each operator?
    • how many low power repeaters are installed in Japan for each operator?
    • femto-cells
    • how many PHS base stations are installed in Japan?
    • for more details on Japan’s radio spectrum allocation and base station markets, read our report on Japan’s base station market
  • Subscriber numbers and market shares
    • total number of subscribers over time, and growth over time
    • net annual growth
    • annual development of subscription numbers for different radio systems, 2G, PHS, 3G, LTE, CDMA2000, WiMax, etc for all operators
    • number of subscriptions by operator and radio system
    • number of subscriptions by operator and radio system, consolidated in business groups
    • market shares over time
    • market shares over time for mobile business groups, month-to-month battle for subscribers
  • prepaid mobile
  • from birth of mobile internet to legacy: iMode, EZweb, Yahoo-Keitai
  • why was the mobile internet born in Japan?
  • the i-Mode eco-system
  • i-Mode in a nutshell
  • LTE, 4G in Japan: LTE subscriber numbers, spectrum allocation, base station deployment
  • 3G in Japan: LTE subscriber numbers, spectrum allocation, base station deployment
  • from “Galake” to smart-phones
  • cell phone sales, smartphone sales
  • transition to smartphones
  • annual shipment of Japanese mobile phones/smartphones
  • the Au design project IIDA, Infobar, Infobar 2, Concept models: cypress, kaos, vols, Talby by Marc Newson
  • Sweets for teenage and sub-teenage girls
  • Raku-raku phones for the silver market
  • TuKa-S: pioneer for the silver market
• e-Money and mobile payment
  • Felica wallet phones
  • POS
  • for more details read our report on Japan’s mobile payments and e-money
• Mobile TV, 1seg
  • overview
  • 1seg handsets shipped over time
  • total of 1seg handsets shipped over time
  • for more information read our report on Mobile TV in Japan
• Fixed line broadband access market
  • FTTH, DSL, CATV broadband access subscriptions over time (starting 2002)
  • FTTH market
  • 3 types of FTTH services
  • market development over time and liberalization events
  • market players
  • mansion type and FTTH market split over time
  • FTTH market players and market shares over time
  • mansion-type FTTH market players and market shares over time
  • FTTH penetration: comparing EU with Japan over time
  • DSL market: development, market statistics over time, subscriber numbers and market shares
  • optical access network
  • schematics of NTT optical access network
  • ONU = optical network unit
  • transition to NGN = next generation networks
  • NTT NGN, NTT-East and NTT-West
  • NTT FTTH business models, business development and strategy, ARPU, and value added services
  • KDDI in the FTTH market
  • KDDI vs NTT
  • KDDI FTTH strategy
• Japan’s telegram market
• Summary